Through the progression of the Civil War, both the Union and the Confederates engaged in battles, some which created a lasting impact. Fighting with tenacity as a soldier proved to be much more complex than originally assumed. Specific battles fought in the Civil War demonstrated the skills and consequences of the war.
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter
On April 12, 1861, the confederates came to attack
Fort Sumter. The Confederate fired the first shot. They attacked
Fort Sumter all day, they attacked with shore batteries, big cannons, and just
constantly fired trying to destroy it. On April 13, the Union lowered
their flag and evacuated the fort. This was the opening of the Civil War,
no one was injured.
Battle Of Bull Run
This was the second battle of the Civil War on July
21, 1861. The Union were going to try to attack the new Capitol of the
Confederate, Richmond, Virgina. They both planned to attack on the left
flank so they were both at a disadvantage.Thomas J. Jackson stood his ground
and from that he received the nickname "Stonewall Jackson." The
Union then retreated and ran towards Washington D.C. This battle made
everyone realize that the war was going to be long and hard.
Shiloh
Another name for this war is Battle of Pittsburg
Landing, fought o April 6-7, 1862. The Union was under command of Major
General Ulysses S. Grant. The Confederate was under command of Generals
Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard. Grant (union) set up camp
on the Pittsburg Landing of the Tennessee river. The confederate decided
to try to surprise attack the Union and it worked for a day but the second day
they began to lose. After a while of fighting at the campsite, the Unions
troops retreated towards Pittsburg landing, down a road called
"Hornets Nest" because it was slightly sunken road. There,
there were back up troops for the Union and this tipped the scales making the
Union win this battle. This ended the Confederates chance of going into
Mississippi.
Merrimack vs. Monitor
Theses were both ironclad ships that fought for the
other side. Merrimack fought for the Confederate and the Monitor fought
for the Union. They fought for a while but neither of them won. the
Merrimack went back to Virgina to get repaired.
Antietam
This battle was also known as Battle of Sharpsburg,
fought on September 17, 1862. This was the first major battle on Union
soil. This was the single most bloody day in U.S. history. This
battle didn't have a clear winner but the Union had the better strategic
standpoint. The Confederates (Lee) had less people and so they attacked
with everyone but the Union (McClellan) only attacked with three-fourths of
their army so it was a stand still and then the Confederates withdrew the next
morning.
Chancellorsville
This war was fought from April 30 until May 6,
1863. The Union had less than half the amount of soldiers than the
Confederate had. The Confederate won because of Lee's audacity and
Hooker's uneasy decisions. They were burdened with heavy causality and
"Stonewall Jackson" was mortally wounded. The Confederate separated
into two groups to attack the Union.
Vicksburg
This was the final action of the Vicksburg Campaign
in the Civil War, this siege happened between May 18- July 4, 1863. The
Union Major General Ulysses S. Grant in a mix of moves and pushing the
confederate's lines back making them run into defensive lines at Vicksburg.
They basically surrounded the city and caused the confederate to
surrender. This meant that the Union received the Mississippi river,
which makes this battle considered the turning point of the war.
Gettysburg
The battle of Gettysburg was fought on July 1
through 3, 1863. It is considered the "turning point of the
war" because the union won this battle. Lee (confederate general)
planned to attack Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in hopes to change the views of the
politicians and the war. Lee's goal, once the two forces were near each
other, was to enrage and destroy. On the first day the Union tried to
set-up a barrier on a low ridge of the town, but the confederate attacked and
they went into the town retreating. On the second day, both armies were
ready, the Union on the defensive and the confederate on the offensive.
The union formed like a fishhook kind of line up. They fought at
Little Round Top, Devil's Den, and the Peach Orchard. Even thought there
were a ton of causalities, the union held their lines. On the third day at
cemetery ridge the confederate attacked with 12,500 men. this was called
Pickett's Charge. This ended up with a ton of confederate causalities.
The Gettysburg address given by Abraham Lincoln was a speech honoring
those who had died in the battle.
Sherman's March
This is another name for the Savannah Campaign from
November 15- December 21, 1864 made by the union. They left Atlanta,
Georgia on November 15 and headed for Savannah Part which they captured on
December 21. They destroyed military targets as well as industry, houses,
towns, transports, and the South's economy. This march was considered
revolutionary in war becuase they didn't have any supply lines and they were
moving deep within enemy territory.
Appomattox Courthouse
On April 9, the confederate created a line for
battle at the Appomattox Court house. The Union though stopped them in
their tracks, and surrounded their forces. He then surrendered to the
union and this was the last battle in Virginia.
Civil War Medicine
The union advanced more than the confederate.
The union created tents with a few beds fro the wounded. They
created a wooden ambulance that could hold up to four people. The
confederate on the other hand didn't advance much, only from the union camps
they over threw did they learn now things. They most common injury was a
flesh wound and the easiest way to get rid of it was amputation of the limb to
stop infection. and the hygiene of the places weren't every good.
Battle Technology and Tactics
Some new technology in this war was Gatling gun,
faster reload rifles, and a more deadly ammunition called the min-ball.
This bullet increased the range and accuracy of shooting. Another
one was the railroad, even those not an offensive weapon, the railroad worked
as a replenish system for the troops. They could move troops quickly,
feed them, replenish their ammo. The main tactic of the Civil War was
lining up and shooting your enemy, they fact that the min-ball was created made
ti so that you could shoot at your enemy from farther away.
Life As a Soldier
The soldiers would write leaders
to their families, either saying how much they love them or what is happening
in the battles. They would practice drills but for the most part they
were just trying to not be bored. They would make meals, cut firewood,
race horses, gamble and play games like dominoes and cards. They would
sit around the camp fire and sing songs and tell stories.
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Video:
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